| A
SIZES |
Series
of finished trimmed sizes in the ISO international paper size range |
| A4
CONTINUOUS |
Nearest
comparable size to A4. Produced on continuous machines it allows 1/2"
on either edge for removal of sprocket holes after end-use via computer
printer. Size is 11.666" depth x 9.25". With micro perforations
compares favourably with A4 cut sheet |
| ABRASION
RESISTANCE |
Ability
of a surface to resist rubbing or other frictional forces without being
worn away |
| AIR-DRIED |
Paper
dried by a current of warm air after tub-sizing |
| ANTIQUE
FINISH |
Description
of paper finish, a natural, rough texture, usually selected for book and
cover papers where bulk and light weight are required |
| ART
PAPER |
Paper
which has received a coating of china clay and size. Usually shiny this
paper has a very smooth surface which may be matt or dull |
| ASH
CONTENT |
Ash
content is determined by amount of mineral fillers contained in paper.
Stiffness of paper is reduced by increased ash content |
| B
SIZES |
ISO
International sizes, intended primarily for posters, wall charts and
similar items where there is too great a difference in size of the larger
sheets in the A Size series |
| BACKGROUND
REFLECTANCE |
Optical
quality of a background surface, such as paper. It is described in terms
of the amount of radiant energy received from its surface by a sensing
device. Reflectance is expressed as a percentage of a standard reference
material |
| BACKING
OR RELEASE PAPER |
Carrier
for self adhesive material such as labels. The backing readily separates
from the adhesive label prior to the application of the material to a
surface. [release paper] |
| BANK
PAPER |
Fine
writing or typewriting paper - ranging in weight from 45g/m2 to under
63g/m2. Mainly for use with carbon paper to take one or more copies from a
top copy of heavier weight. [bond] |
| BASIC
SIZE |
Size
of paper used to define basis weight. Size varies depending on the paper
grade. Basic size of bond and writing papers is 17" x 22". Basic
size of offset papers is 25" x38" |
| BASIS
WEIGHT |
Designated
fixed weight of one ream [500 sheets] of paper, in the paper's basic sheet
size. Used as the basis for measuring the substance of paper by weight.
Fixed basic sizes that determine designated weights and apply to different
paper types |
| BLADE
COATED |
Paper
coating method using an air blade or metal blade |
| BOARDS
- BRISTOL |
Type
of fine quality cardboard which can be strengthened by pasting two, or
even more sheets, together |
| BOARDS
- CHIP |
Low
quality board made from mechanical wood and waste materials |
| BOARDS
- MILL |
High
grade board, made from rope and other materials |
| BOARDS
- PASTE |
Two
or more laminations of paper with middle or lower quality |
| BOARDS
- PULP |
Homogeneous
sheet which breaks very easily when bent, and is manufactured from pulp on
a cylinder machine |
| BOARDS
- STRAW |
Straw
composition board, usually used for making covers of cheaper books |
| BODY
PAPER |
Base
of coated paper |
| BOND
PAPER |
Heavier
weight of writing or typewriting paper than 'bank' supplied in 63g/m2 and
over |
| BRIGHTNESS |
Normally
associated with white paper, this is the paper's ability to reflect light.
The brightness of a paper is expressed as a percentage, obtained by
comparing a sample of paper, called a 'calibration sample', with the paper
to be tested |
| BROADSIDE |
Sheet
of paper in its basic size, or paper that is not folded or cut |
| BUILD-UP |
Condition
at production stage, in which material such as paper dust or lint,
accumulates and adheres to a roller, cylinder, blanket or other part of a
press. Also refers to formation of an uneven pile caused when one side of
a form is thicker |
| BULK |
Thickness
of paper [calliper], or the thickness of the total number of pages in a
publication |
| C
SIZES |
Paper
sizes - the C series within the ISO International paper sizes range, and
relates to envelopes or folders suitable for enclosing stationery in the A
sizes |
| CALENDER |
Process
used to compact paper fibres and to impart a smooth finish by passing
paper through a series of polished steel rolls with chilled surfaces.
Rolls can be individually controlled to maintain desired smoothness, gloss
and calliper of sheet |
| CALENDER
ROLLS |
Stack
or set of horizontal metal rolls used to produce the required smoothness
and finish to paper. Rolls are located at the dry end of a paper machine |
| CALIPER |
Measure
of a paper's thickness - expressed in thousandths of an inch |
| CARTRIDGE |
Tough,
opaque paper, sometimes a cream shade with a rough surface. Used
principally for guard books, large envelopes, drawing and offset
printing.CBS1 96 gsm paper, suitable for use in MICR
readers and approved by the clearing banks.CBS2 85 gsm
paper, suitable for optical reading devices, and approved by the clearing
banks |
| CF
SPOT PROCESS |
Partial
transfer of carbon inks printed using letterpress, dry offset or
flexographic printing processes and special ink. For use when copy of
small area of form is required. Inks should only be printed on standard
uncoated grades of paper |
| CHEMICAL
MATED [CF] [CFB] |
Carbon
paper term [coated front] [coated front-and-back] |
| CHEMICAL
WOOD PULP |
Pulp
made from chipped wood, treated with chemicals to remove non-cellulose
materials when it can then be used in better grade of wood pulp papers.
Improves qualities of mechanical pulp when chemical wood pulp is mixed
with better grade wood pulp |
| CHEQUE
PAPER |
Chemically
treated paper process to highlight tampering with writing on cheques.
Safety paper |
| CHINA
CLAY |
Fine
white clay used in papermaking for loading and coating |
| CHLORINE-FREE
[PAPER] |
Paper
pulp bleaching process which does not use organic chlorine compounds, but
uses such materials as oxygen peroxide. This is a more environmentally
friendly process |
| CLAY
COATING |
Coating
treatment of paper to improve smoothness and opacity |
| COATED
PAPER |
Process
during manufacture to decrease porosity and absorbency and improve
printability and appearance. Paper has undergone sizing and calendering
and the coating consists of finely divided pigments and water based bind.
[calender] |
| COMPRESSIBILITY |
Paper
grade. If paper is too strongly compressed it will not be suitable for
printing forms, as it will not have the correct runnability and will not
absorb ink quickly enough therefore calendered papers only used in special
circumstances |
| CONTROL
PUNCHING |
Series
of holes running parallel to edge of paper web. Used to control paper
movement in manufacturing, or forms writing machine, burster or end-user
equipment |
| CONVERTING |
Process
of changing physical form of paper |
| COTTON
FIBRE CONTENT PAPER |
Paper
containing cotton fibre using 25, 50, 75 or 100% cotton. Suitable for
letterheads, stock certificate pages, onionskin copies and index cards |
| CURL |
Waviness
or rolling effect which sometimes occurs at edge of sheet of paper.
Associated with improper moisture balance in sheet, uneven drying as sheet
comes off press, fibre orientation within sheet, improper refining of pulp
or mechanical stress |
| DANDY
ROLL |
Wire
gauze cylinder on papermaking machine. Comes into contact with paper
whilst wet. Used to impress watermarks |
| DE-INKING
PROCESS |
Removal
of printing inks from recycled paper fibres |
| DECKLE |
Width
of web [width of paper making machine] this is limited by deckle straps |
